    26

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    direct

    ed somewhere else, at outsiders.  Envy and fear are turned from a

    source of disruption to a creator of cohesion.  Nature has compacted

    mankind's frustrations to build the superorganism's bones.

    The demon one society wants to eradicate is all too frequently the

    god of some rival group.  The devil of the Jews, Baal, was the god of

    the Canaanites.   Russia's longtime gods--Marx and Lenin--are our

    devils.  Our holy middle class is Russia's hated bourgeoisie.43  Social

    organisms--like clusters of anemones on a rock--face off and fight.

    From that struggle, they frequently derive their identity.  Battle draws

    a set of straggling individuals together into a firmly consolidated social

    clump.  It gives the formerly quarreling separatists a powerful

    common bond.

    Leaders like Orval Faubus and Fidel Castro have skillfully

    manipulated a few basic rules of human nature: that every tribe

    regards outsiders as fair game; that every society gives permission to

    hate; that each culture dresses the demon of its hatred in the garb of

    righteousness; and that the man who channels this hatred can rouse

    the superorganism and lead it around by the nose.

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