    50

    43. Joseph Alper, "Depression At An Early Age," Science  86, May, 1986, pp. 45-46.

    See also John F. McDermott, Jr., "Child Psychiatry,"  International Encyclopedia of

    Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychoanalysis and Neurology, Benjamin B. Wolman, ed.,

    Vol. III, p. 112.

    44. For a history of the development of anti-depressants, see Franz G. Alexander,

    M.D. and Sheldon T. Selesnick, M.D., The History of Psychiatry: An Evaluation of

    Psychiatric Thought and Practice from Prehistoric Times to the Present, Harper &

    Row, New York, 1966, p. 289.  Daniel X. Freedman, "Psychic Energizer," McGraw

    Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 65-66.  Eliott Richelson,

    "Antidepressants," Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Vol. 1, p. 52.  Leonard Cammer,

    M.D., Up From Depression, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1969, p. 140; Herman

    C.B. Denber, "Depression: Pharmacological Treatment," International Encyclopedia

    of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychoanalysis and Neurology, Vol. IV, pp. 55-58.

    45. For a detailed analysis of the background behind this dispute, see Geoffrey

    Barraclough, The Origins of Modern Germany, W.W. Norton, New York, 1984, pp.

    30-125.  See also Roland H. Bainton, Christianity, 159-163; and J.M. Roberts, The

    Pelican History of the World, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England,

    1976, 1983 edition, pp. 470-472.

    46. Barbara W. Tuchman, A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century, Ballantine

    Books, 1979, p. 27-34.

    47.  Bruce Bower, "Taking Hopelessness To Heart," Science News, July 31, 1993, p.

    79.

    48. Barbara Tuchman, A Distant Mirror.

    49. David Holzman, "Medicine Minus A Cost Tourniquet," Insight, August 8, 1988,

    pp. 9-16.

    50. From a press conference shown on the MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, August 4,

    1988.

    51. J.D. Mackie, Oxford History of England: The Earlier Tudors, 1485-1558, Oxford

    University Press, London, 1962, p. 372.

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