    82

    contrast between the Arapesh and the Mundugumor of New Guinea.  See Margaret

    Mead,  Male and Female: A Study of the Sexes in a Changing World, Dell

    Publishing, New York, 1968 (first published in 1949), pp. 76-77, 86-88, 117,

    134-135.  Also see the summary of Mead's findings in H.R. Hays, From Ape to

    Angel: An Informal History of Social Anthropology, p. 347.

    99.  Halim Barakat, "The Arab Family and the Challenge of Social Transformation,"

    in Elizabeth Warnock Fernea, ed., Women and Family in the Middle East: New

    Voices of Change, University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 1985, pp. 27, 31, 32,

    37, 44.

    100.  Juliette Minces, The House of Obedience: Women in Arab Society, Michael

    Pallis, trans., Zed Press, London, 1982, p. 33.  Soraya Altorki, Women In Saudi

    Arabia: Ideology and Behavior Among the Elite, Columbia University Press, New

    York, 1986, p. 31.

    101.  Ibn Ishaq, Biography of the Messenger of God, excerpted in The Islamic

    World, ed. by William H. McNeill and Marilyn Robinson Waldman, University of

    Chicago Press, 1983, pp. 16-17.

    102.  Juliette Minces, The House of Obedience: Women in Arab Society,  pp.

    33-34.

    103.  Cairo University professor of psychology Dr. Yousry Abdel Mohsen says that

    a similar coldness in the relationship between city men and women lay behind a

    rash of Egyptian murders during the late '80s in which wives did away with their

    husbands, stabbing them as many as 20 times, or cutting them in small pieces "for

    easy disposal."  (Alan Cowell, "Egypt's Pain: Wives Killing Husbands," New York

    Times, September 23, 1989, p. 4.)

    104.  Lila Abu-Lughod, "Bedouin Blues," Natural History, Vol. 96, No. 7, July, 1987,

    pp. 24-33.

    105.  Uris spent years in travel and research preparing for The Haj.  He employed a

    research associate on the project--Diane Eagle-- whom he credits with "pulling a

    thousand and one brilliant reports."  His goal was to place his fiction in a thoroughly

    authentic, factual setting.  (See the acknowledgements and introduction to  Leon

    Uris,  The Haj, [on un-numbered pages at the front of the book], Bantam Books,

    New York, 1985.  Uris has also discussed the thoroughness of his research in

    personal communication with the author.)

    106.  Halim Barakat cites Shirabi's "important study of

    the Arab family" which concludes that "the most repressed elements of Arab society

    are the... women, and the children."  Halim Barakat, "The Arab Family and the

    Challenge of Social Transformation," in Elizabeth Warnock Fernea, ed., Women

    and Family in the Middle East: New Voices of Change, University of Texas Press,

    Austin, Texas, 1985, pp. 27, 31, 32, 37, 44.

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