    89

    162.  Robert L. O'Connell, Of Arms and Men: a history of war, weapons, and

    aggression, Oxford University Press, N.Y., 1989, p. 10.

    163. Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, Dorset Press, New York, 1987, pp.

    128-129.  David Morgan, The Mongols, Basil Blackwell Inc., New York, 1986, p. 32.

    R.P. Lister, Genghis Khan, Stein and Day, New York, 1969, pp. 54-56, 128, 213.

    J.J. Saunders, The History of the Mongol Conquests, Routledge & Kegan Paul,

    London, 1971, pp. 63-64.  James Chambers, The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol

    Invasion of Europe, pp. 56-59.

    164. E.N. Anderson, The Food of China, p. 58.  Harrison E. Salisbury, War

    Between Russia and China, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1969, p. 18.

    165. David Morgan, The Mongols, p. 5.  J.M. Roberts, The Pelican History of the

    World, pp. 364-366.  Daniel Boorstin, The Discoverers, p. 126.

    166. Sir John Glubb, A Short History of the Arab People, Stein and Day, New York,

    1969, p. 226.  Tamerlane made a regular habit of erecting pyramids of skulls in the

    towns he had conquered.  He had no interest in being remembered as a man of

    mercy. (B. Spuler, "The Disintegration of the Caliphates in the East," in P.M. Holt,

    Ann K.S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis, The Cambridge History of Islam: Volume I,

    The Central Islamic Lands, p. 170.)  And like his Mongol progenitors 200 years

    before, Tamerlane was spurred on to his conquests by a burst of good weather that

    covered the steppes with a bounty of grass and brought the wealth of water to the

    oases of the deserts.  (The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1986 edition, Vol. 11, p.

    785.)

    167. For the manner in which wealth brings about warfare among the Maring of

    New Guinea, see John Reader, Man On Earth, p. 44.

    168. Dean Archer and Rosemary Gartner, Violence and Crime in Cross-National

    Perspective, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1984, p. 86.  Archer's information

    is based on a ten-year study that drew from the statistics of 110 nations.

    169. Edward O. Wilson, Sociobiology, p. 144.

    170. Melvin Konner, The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit,

    pp. 119, 193-194, 472.

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