    47

    William Miller and the subsequent rise of Seventh Day Adventism include:  R.

    Laurence Moore, Religious Outsiders and the Making of America, Oxford University

    Press, New York, 1986, pp. 131-132; Jack Gratus, The False Messiahs, Taplinger

    Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1975, pp. 50-52; William Joseph Whalen, Minority

    Religions In America, Alba House, New York, 1981, p. 8; Conrad Wright,

    "Adventists,"  Academic American Encyclopedia, Grolier, Danbury, Conn., 1985,

    Vol. 1, p. 111; and Clarke F. Ansley, ed., The Columbia Encyclopedia In One

    Volume,  Columbia University Press, New York, 1940, pp. 21, 1173.

    23. Barbara W. Tuchman, The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before The

    War, 1890-1914, Bantam Books, 1967, p. 481.

    24.  For a paradigmatic experimental demonstration of how ideas can pull together

    groups which immediately begin to compete, see Giyoo Hatano and Kayoko

    Inagaki, "Sharing Cognition Through Collective Comprehension Activity," in Lauren

    B. Resnick, John M. Levine and Stephanie D. Teasley, eds., Perspectives on

    Socially Shared Cognition, American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.,

    1991, pp. 339-340.

    25.  Melville J. Herskovits, Economic Anthropology: The Economic Life of Primitive

    Peoples, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, originally published 1940, 1965 edition,

    pp. 157-159.

    26. Melville J. Herskovits, Economic Anthropology: The Economic Life of Primitive

    Peoples, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, originally published 1940, 1965 edition,

    pp. 157-159.  John Reader, Man On Earth, University of Texas Press, Austin,

    Texas, 1988, 176-178.

    27.  Sigmund Freud, The Future of An Illusion, W.W. Norton, New York, 1989

    (written in 1927).

    28. For a good review of animal experiments on control, see Herbert M. Lefcourt,

    Locus of Control: Current Trends in Theory and Research--Second Edition, pp.

    8-18.  See also: William R. Miller, Robert A. Rosellini and Martin E.P. Seligman,

    "Learned Helplessness and Depression," pp. 104-130, in Jack D. Maser and Martin

    E.P. Seligman, Psychopathology: Experimental Models; and T.J. Shors, T.B. Seib,

    S. Levine and R.F. Thompson, "Inescapable Versus Escapable Shock Modulates

    Long-Term Potentiation in the Rat Hippocampus," Science, April 14, 1989, pp.

    224-226.

    29. Richard Restak, M.D., The Brain, Bantam Books, New York, 1984, pp. 167-169.

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