    45

    p. 325.)

    Exile was not the only reason that Lenin found fewer followers than he would have

    liked.    Like Marx, Lenin was quarrelsome in the extreme.  If you started out by

    liking him, you generally changed your mind pretty fast.  Said one of his

    acquaintances, Vera Zasulich, Lenin was like a bulldog with a "deadly bite."

    (Harrison E. Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow: Russia's Revolutions 1905-1917,

    pp. 94, 143-46.)

    8. Harrison E. Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow: Russia's Revolutions 1905-1917,

    pp. 324-325.

    9. In Edwin O. Reischauer's opinion, the fleet was "annihilated."  Three badly

    battered ships did manage to flee their battle with the Japanese and hobble in to

    port.  But even Alan Moorehead, who reports on the survival of this tattered trio,

    calls the event a "massacre."  (Edwin O. Reischauer, Japan: Past and Present, p.

    139.  Alan Moorehead, The Russian Revolution, pp. 27-28; Harrison E. Salisbury,

    Black Night, White Snow, pp. 96-97.)

    10. By the early '80s, Marxism controlled 39.7% of the earth's population and 27.5%

    of its land mass.  (Mikhail Heller and Aleksandr M. Nekrich, Utopia In Power: The

    History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present, translated from the Russian

    by Phyllis B. Carlos, Summit Books, New York, 1986, p. 717.)

    11. John Tyler Bonner, The Evolution of Culture in Animals, p. 57.

    12. All of this information on rats, and most in the following paragraphs as well,

    comes from Konrad Lorenz' groundbreaking On Aggression, pp. 157-163.

    13.  Smell is such a ubiquitous clue to genetic relatedness that it is used by an

    extraordinary variety of animals, from ants to goats.  Mother goats will let their own

    children starve if the youngsters don't exude the correct aroma.  (Edward O.

    Wilson, Sociobiology, p. 102.

    14. Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression, p. 162.

    15.  Leo W. Buss, The Evolution of Individuality, Princeton University Press,

    Princeton, New Jersey, 1987, p. viii.  Though Buss never attempts to extend this

    idea to humans and their societies, his principle applies extremely well to memes

    and their role in the construction of superorganisms.

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