    79

    1992, p. 108; Robin Wright, "Islam, Democracy and the West," Foreign Affairs,

    Summer 1992, p.131; Bernard LeCompte, "Communism Confronts Islam,"

    L'Express, Paris, reprinted in World Press Review, July 1992, p. 10; Boris and

    Eugene Rumer, "Who Will Be the Next Yugoslavia," World Monitor, November

    1992, p. 37; Edward Mortimer, "New Ism in the East," World Monitor, September

    1992, p. 50; and Haroon Siddiqui, "The Scramble For Central Asia; A global contest

    for hearts, minds, money," Toronto Star, reprinted in World Press Review, July

    1992, p. 10.

    72.  Philip D. Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade in World History, Cambridge University

    Press, New York, 1984, p. 107.

    73.  Shibley Telhami, "Arab Public Opinion and the Gulf War," Political Science

    Quarterly, Fall 1993, p. 443.

    74. Richard Mackenzie, "Pitfalls in Policy on the Path to Kabul," Insight, April 9,

    1990, p. 11.

    75. Roger Draper, "Visions of Turkey," World Press Review, May, 1990, p. 44.

    76. The Sword of Islam, Granada TV.

    77.  "Islam," Smithsonian World, Program 305, Steve York, producer/director,

    Adrian Malone, executive producer, Sandra W. Bradley, senior producer, Michael

    Olmert, writer, co-produced by The Smithsonian Institution and WETA,

    Washington, D.C., first aired July 22, 1987.

    78.  "Islam," Smithsonian World.

    79.  Kanan Makiya, Cruelty and Silence: War, Tyranny, Uprising and the Islamic

    World, W.W. Norton, N.Y., 1993.  Note also the following statement from Hisham

    Sharabi, Professor of European Intellectual History, Omar al-Mukhtar Professor of

    Arab Culture at Georgetown University, and one of the Arab/American community's

    most influential secular intellectual leaders: "the secularists' opposition to Islamic

    fundamentalism does not make them, as some Western observers seem to think,

    potentially objective allies of the West in its fight against Islamic fundamentalism.  In

    the secularists' view Western hostility to Islamic fundamentalism, like its hostility to

    Arab nationalism, stems... from imperialist interests and hegemonic goals which the

    secularist intellectuals alongside the Muslim fundamentalists are unconditionally

    committed to oppose."  Hisham Sharabi, "Modernity and Islamic Revival: The

    Central Task of Arab Intellectuals," Contention, Fall 1992, pp. 127-137.

    80.  The Sword of Islam, David Darlow, producer/director, Brian Park and Fiona

    Moffitt, research, Rod Caird, executive producer,  Granada TV, Manchester,

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