    83

    107. Juliette Minces, The House of Obedience: Women in Arab Society, pp. 29, 35.

    108.  Halim Barakat, "The Arab Family and the Challenge

    of Social Transformation," in Elizabeth Warnock Fernea, ed.,

    Women and Family in the Middle East: New Voices of Change,

    University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 1985, pp. 27, 31, 32,

    37, 44.

    109.  Elaine Pagels, The Gnostic Gospels, pp. xi-xii.

    110.  Charles Lyall, Ancient Arabian Poetry, London, 1930, p. xxiii, quoted in

    William R. Polk and William J. Mares, Passing Brave, p. 37.

    111.  Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England, 1500-1800,

    Harper & Row, New York, 1977, pp. 161-168.  John Cleverley and D.C. Phillips,

    Visions of Childhood: Influential Models from Locke to Spock, Teachers College

    Press, Columbia University, New York, 1986, pp. 28-29.  Leonard A. Sagan,

    "Family Ties: The Real Reason People Are Living Longer," The Sciences,

    March/April, 1988, p. 28.

    112.  Elizabethan children also entertained themselves in a variety of other ways.

    They "caught birds and put their eyes out, tied bottles or tin cans to the tails of

    dogs, killed toads by putting them on one end of a lever and hurling them into the

    air by striking the other end, dropped cats from great heights to see whether they

    would land on their feet, cut off pigs' tails as trophies..., inflated the bodies of live

    frogs by blowing into them with a straw," and stoned dogs to death or drowned

    them. (Keith Thomas, Man and the Natural World: A History of The Modern

    Sensibility, Pantheon Books, New York, 1983, p. 147.)

    113.  Keith Thomas, Man and the Natural World, p. 144.

    114.  Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England, 1500-1800, p.

    433.  Keith Thomas, Man and the Natural World, p. 45, 186.

    115. Wolfram Eberhard, A History of China, p. 63.  Daniel Boorstin, The

    Discoverers, p. 74.

    116. Wolfram Eberhard, A History of China, p. 198. Dennis & Ching Ping

    Bloodworth,  The Chinese Machiavelli: 3,000 Years of Chinese Statecraft, Farrar,

    Straus and Giroux, New York, 1976, p. 80.  Daniel Boorstin, The Discoverers, p.

    141.

    117. Wolfram Eberhart, A History of China, p. 272.

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