    154

    clientele.  In time, the insurance venture proved more lucrative than serving cups of Java.

    The coffee-house proprietor  was Edward Lloyd, as in Lloyd's of London.  (James Burke,

    Connections, pp. 193-194. See also Fernand Braudel, The Structures of Everyday Life:

    Civilization & Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol. 1, trans. Sian Reynolds, Perennial

    Library, Harper & Row, New York, 1981, pp 254-260; Mitchell Stephens, A History of the

    News: From the Drum to the Satellite, Viking, New York, 1988, pp. 41-43.)

    150. Wolfram Eberhard, A History of China, pp. 169, 196. E.N. Anderson, The Food of

    China, pp. 55-56.  Philip D. Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade in World History, pp. 104-105.

    151. Robert Christopher, The Japanese Mind, Fawcett Columbine, New York, 1983, p.

    163.

    152. Frederick Jackson Turner first presented his thesis, "The Significance of the Frontier

    in American History," in 1893.  The concept wasn't published in book form until Turner put

    out  his The Frontier in American History (Henry Holt, New York, 1920). For a modern

    variation on the frontier hypothesis, see Daniel Boorstin, Hidden History: Exploring Our

    Secret Past, pp. ix-xxv.

    153. For the Hundred Years War, see: Barbara Tuchman, A Distant Mirror, pp. 48-594; and

    G.M. Trevelyan, A Shortened History of England, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth,

    Middlesex, England, 1959 (originally published 1942), pp. 181-188.  For the loss of Calais

    in 1558, see: James A. Williamson, The Evolution of England: A Commentary On the

    Facts, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1944, p. 179; and The New

    Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. 2, p. 731.

    154. A.L. Rowse, The Expansion of Elizabethan England.  Cambridge University historian

    Eric Walker agrees with Rowse's assessment. (Eric A. Walker, The British Empire: Its

    Structure and Spirit, 1497-1953, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

    1956, p. 2.)  For the futile campaigns against the French with which Henry nearly

    bankrupted his government, see: J.J. Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, University of California

    Press, Berkeley, California, 1968, pp. 33-35, 453-456, and virtually the entire rest of the

    book; J.D. Mackie, The Oxford History of England: The Earlier Tudors, 1485-1558, Oxford

    University Press, London, 1962, pp. 410-412; Kenneth O. Morgan, ed., The Oxford

    Illustrated History of Britain, Oxford University Press, New York, 1984, p. 256; and The

    New Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 5, pp. 840-841.

    155. Keith Thomas, Man And The Natural World: A History of the Modern Sensibility, pp.

    116-117.

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