    150

    118. These naval behemoths were powered by 200 men operating a treadmill.  They were

    72 feet high, extraordinarily maneuverable, and often had rams on their prows.  (Robert

    Temple, The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention, Simon

    and Schuster, New York, 1987, pp. 192-194.)

    119. Daniel Boorstin, The Discoverers, pp. 56-64.  Dennis and Ching Ping Bloodworth,

    The Chinese Machiavelli, pp. 263-264.

    120. Hans Breuer, Columbus Was Chinese: Discoveries and Inventions of the Far East, p.

    166.  Wolfram Eberhart, A History of China, p. 272.  Robert Temple says "in China...

    perfectly cast iron cannons were being produced before Europe even learned how to

    make cast iron...."  (Robert Temple, The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science,

    Discovery, and Invention, p. 246.)

    121. Wolfram Eberhard, A History of China, p. 267.  Daniel Boorstin, The Discoverers, p.

    191.  Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and

    Military Conflict From 1500 to 2000, pp. 6-7.  Dennis and Ching Ping Bloodworth,   The

    Chinese Machiavelli, pp. 263-264.  Hans Breuer, Columbus Was Chinese: Discoveries

    and Inventions of the Far East, p. 51.

    122. Philip D. Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade in World History, pp. 125-127.  Daniel Boorstin,

    The Discoverers, p. 199.  Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers:

    Economic Change and Military Conflict From 1500 to 2000, p. 7.

    123. One of the 16th century Chinese critics of the misbegotten policy, Chang Han wrote,

    "those who are in charge of state economic matters...[are] ignoring the benefits of the sea

    trade.  How can they be so blind?"  (E.N. Anderson, The Food of China, p. 87.)

    124. Dennis and Ching Ping Bloodworth,   The Chinese Machiavelli, p. 261.

    125. W.G. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, p. 75.

    126. Even humiliation in war  did not shatter the Chinese sense of superiority.  The

    Manchus invaded Peking in 1644.  By 1683, they had subdued all China.  These

    barbarians installed their own dynasty on the imperial throne.  Then they inadvertently

    reinforced the Chinese notion of cultural and technological supremacy.  The Manchus

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