    44

    Hadza seem staunchly opposed to anyone attempting to act superior or trying to be

    a boss.  Men and women have nearly equal status, and no group has a formal

    leader.  Yet the Hadza encampment eventually takes on the best hunter's name.

    (Ernestine Friedl, "Society and Sex Roles,"  James P. Spradley and David W.

    McCurdy, ed., Conformity and Conflict: Readings In Cultural Anthropology, pp.

    162-3.)  The !Kung of the Kalahari declare that they will allow no one member of the

    tribe to climb above the others.  Yet they generally name their water holes after

    some outstanding member of the clan--a superior hunter, orator or healer.  And

    when they go off hunting, the !Kung defer to the judgement of the man with the best

    track record at bringing home prey.  Nunamiut Eskimos praise men who deny the

    wish "to place themselves above the heads of others."  Yet they obediently follow

    the lead of the best hunter when it comes time to go after caribou. (Allen W.

    Johnson & Timothy Earle, The Evolution of Human Societies: From Foraging Group

    to Agrarian State, pp. 52, 133-137.)

    45. Napoleon Chagnon, "Life Histories, Blood Revenge, and Warfare in a Tribal

    Population," Science, February, 1988, pp. 988-989.

    46.  The practice persists in primitive hunter gatherer bands.  Among the Ache of

    eastern Paraguay, top hunters "exchange game for sexual access to women" and

    "the children of productive hunters are treated better by band members...."

    Raymond Hames, "Time Allocation," in Eric Alden Smith and Bruce Winterhalder,

    eds., Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior, p. 214.

    47. William H. Calvin, The Throwing Madonna: Essays On The Brain, McGraw Hill,

    New York, 1983.

    48. Diane Fossey, Gorillas In The Mist, pp. 150, 190, 193.

    49. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, Collier Books, New York,

    1961, pp. 215-216.  The ancient Germans, the Celts of the Scottish Highlands, the

    Lapps of northern Europe, and the Tlingit of Alaska found the sport of war so de-

    lightful that they imagined their dead war heroes had been granted the pleasure of

    the ultimate entertainment--a warfare that never ends.  (Elias Canetti, Crowds and

    Power, pp. 43-44.)

    50. Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression, pp. 158-9.

    51. Antonia Fraser, Cromwell, Donald I. Fine, Inc., New York, 1973, p. 17-18.

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