    91

    swallowed.  (Alfred J. Rampone, Myron E. Shirasu, "Temperature Changes In the

    Rat in Response to Feeding," Science, April 17, 1964, pp. 317-319.)

    181. It takes roughly four hours for the stomach to completely process a single

    meal.

    182. This phenomenon was demonstrated most dramatically in the siege of the

    Warsaw Ghetto.  As the Nazis tried to starve the Jews to death, Jewish physicians

    carefully studied the impact of food deprivation on themselves and on their fellow

    ghetto residents.  They discovered that the lack of nourishment  resulted in a

    radical decrease of metabolic activity.  Since then, the same mechanism has been

    shown at work in those attempting to lose weight by lowering their food intake.  (Dr.

    Julian Fliederbaum, Dr. Ari Heller, Dr. Kazimierz Zweibaum, Suzanne Szejnfinkel,

    Dr. Regina Elbinger and Fajga Ferszt, "Metabolic Changes in Hunger Disease," in

    Myron Winick, M.D. ed., Hunger Disease: Studies by the Jewish Physicians in the

    Warsaw Ghetto, Martha Osnos trans., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1979, pp.

    84-121.  Anne Scott Beller, Fat & Thin: A Natural History of Obesity, p. 225-226,

    251.)   The strategy of reducing metabolism to cope with shortages is universal.  It

    occurs even in a microscopic organism like daphnia, the water flea.  (Evelyn

    Morholt, Paul F. Brandwein, A Sourcebook for the Biological Sciences, Harcourt

    Brace Jovanovich, San Diego, 1986, p. 267.)

    183. J.A. Deutsch and D. Deutsch, Physiological Psychology, The Dorsey Press,

    Homewood, Illinois, 1966, pp. 7-11, 26-29.

    184. J.A. Deutsch and D. Deutsch, Physiological Psychology, pp. 186-192.

    Richard Restak, M.D., The Brain, p. 132.

    185. The flow of profits from oil picked up dramatically in the years immediately

    preceding the embargo of 1973.  For example, Libya's oil revenues went "from $1.3

    billion in 1970 to $2.3 billion in 1973," an increase of 77%.  (David Blundy & Andrew

    Lycett, Quaddafi and the Libyan Revolution, p. 108.)  It was more than coincidence

    that one of the first major acts of international Arab terrorism performed in the

    west--the PLO murder of athletes at the Munich  Olympics--took place in 1972.

    186. According to Caesar, the Gauls used the Greek alphabet for most of their

    normal purposes, such as keeping public and private accounts.  Only the Gallic

    priests--the Druids--refused to commit their lore to writing, preferring to pass their

    extensive canon of verses from generation to generation as a strictly oral tradition.

    (Caesar, The Conquest of Gaul, p. 141.)

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