    59

    69. Ernle Dusgate Selby Bradford, Hannibal, p. 21.

    70. Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, p. 23.  See also James Mitchell, The Illustrated

    Reference Book of Classical History, Windward, W.H. Smith & Son, Ltd., Leicester,

    England, 1982, p. 35.

    71. For a map of the key centers of civilization in the days when Carthage's trading

    powers were at their peak, see James Mitchell, ed., The Illustrated Reference Book

    of Classical History, p. 40.

    72. Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, p. 33.

    73. Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, pp. 25,  40.

    74. Honor Frost, "How Carthage Lost The Sea," Natural History, December, 1987,

    pp. 58-67.

    75. Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, pp. 27-28.

    76. Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, p. 210.

    77. Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, pp. 29-32.

    78. Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, pp. 34-6.

    79. Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, p. 28.

    80. Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, pp. 36-42.

    81. Historians' estimates of the number of men and animals Hannibal took with him

    vary widely.  Ernle Bradford analyzed the classical sources and concluded that

    Hannibal had  reached the Alps with 59,000 foot soldiers, 9,000 cavalrymen and

    their horses, plus 37 elephants.  (Ernle Bradford, Hannibal, p. 47-48.)

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