| The Physics of |

The physics of applications of physics principles.

To show students that physics has a widespread impact on their lives, we have included a large number of applications of physics principles. Many of these applications are not found in other texts. The most important ones are listed below along with the page number locating the corresponding discussion. They are identified in the margin or in the text of the page on which they occur with the label “The physics of” Biomedical applications are marked with an icon in the shape of a caduceus . The discussions are integrated into the text, so that they occur as a natural part of the physics being presented. It should be noted that the list is not a complete list of all the applications of physics principles to be found in the text. There are many additional applications that are discussed only briefly or that occur in the homework questions and problems.

CHAPTER 1
The body mass index 4

CHAPTER 2
Catapulting a jet from an aircraft carrier 37
The acceleration caused by a retrorocket 39

CHAPTER 3
The “hang time” of a football 70
Raindrops falling on car windows 77

CHAPTER 4
Seat belts 89
Automatic trailer brakes 95
The human skeleton 101
Rock climbing 106
Walking 109
Traction for a foot injury 112

CHAPTER 5
A bobsled track 138
Flying an airplane in a banked turn 142
The Daytona International Speedway 144
The Hubble Space Telescope 145
The Global Positioning System 146
Locating a black hole 146
Digital satellite system TV 147
Apparent weightlessness 148
Artificial gravity 148
The loop-the-loop motorcycle stunt 152

CHAPTER 6
Positive and negative “reps” in weight lifting 162
An ion propulsion drive 165
A giant roller coaster 177
Human metabolism 180
Transforming chemical energy in food into mechanical energy 182
The compound bow 182

CHAPTER 7
Measuring the speed of a bullet 208

CHAPTER 8
Communications satellites 224
A total solar eclipse 225
“Crack-the-whip” 231

CHAPTER 9
The Achilles tendon 250
Bodybuilding 254
The static stability factor and rollover 258
Wheelchairs 265
Archery and bow stabilizers 265
A spinning ice skater 273
A satellite in orbit about the earth 273

CHAPTER 10
A tire pressure gauge 287
A loudspeaker diaphragm 292
A body-mass measurement device 293
Detecting and measuring small amounts of chemicals 295
A door-closing unit 295
Pendulum motion and walking 300
A shock absorber 302
High tides at the Bay of Fundy 303
Surgical implants 304
Bone structure 304
Bone compression 304
Bungee jumping 310

CHAPTER 11
Lynx paws 323
Blood pressure 327
Pumping water from a well 327
A sphygmomanometer 328
A hydraulic car lift 330
A state-of-charge battery indicator 334
A Goodyear airship 334
A clogged artery 338
An aneurysm 342
Household plumbing 343
Airplane wings 344
A curveball 344
Pipeline pumping stations 346
A hypodermic syringe 347

CHAPTER 12
Thermography 363
An antiscalding device 366
Thermal stress 366
An automatic coffee maker 367
The overflow of an automobile radiator 370
Ice formation and the survival of aquatic life 371
Bursting water pipes 371
Steam burns 378
High-tech clothing 378
A dye-sublimation color printer 380
Spray cans 382
Evaporative cooling of the human body 383
Relative humidity 383
Fog formation 384
A home dehumidifier 384

CHAPTER 13
Heating and cooling by convection 397
“Thermals” 397
An inversion layer 397
Rapid thermal exchange 398
Dressing warmly 400
Heat transfer in the human body 401
Layered insulation 402
Protecting fruit plants from freezing 403
Summer clothing 404
A white sifaka lemur warming up 404
A wood-burning stove 406
Rating thermal insulation by R values 408
Regulating the temperature of an orbiting satellite 408
A thermos bottle 408
A halogen cooktop stove 408

CHAPTER 14
Gemstones 419
Oxygen in the lungs 421
Rising beer bubbles 421
Scuba diving 422
Drug delivery systems 430
Water loss from plant leaves 432

CHAPTER 15
A heat engine 453
Extracting work from a warm ocean 456
Thermal pollution 457
Refrigerators 457
Air conditioners 457
Heat pumps 458

CHAPTER 16
Waves on guitar strings 480
A loudspeaker diaphragm 482
Push-button telephones 483
An ultrasonic ruler 485
Sonar 487
Cataract surgery 488
Next Generation Weather Radar 497
Ultrasonic imaging 497
The cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator 498
Bloodless surgery with HIFU 498
The Doppler flow meter 499
Hearing 499

CHAPTER 17
Noise-canceling headphones 513
Wiring stereo speakers 514
Tweeter loudspeakers 517
Tuning a musical instrument 519
The frets on a guitar 523
A flute 524
A spectrum analyzer 527

CHAPTER 18
Electronic ink 539
Adhesion 45
Shielding electronic circuits 556
Xerography 561
A laser printer 562
An inkjet printer 562

CHAPTER 19
Random-access memory (RAM) chips 586
A computer keyboard 589
An electronic flash attachment for a camera 591
A defibrillator 591
An action potential 592
Electrocardiography 593
Electroencephalography 593
Electroretinography 593

CHAPTER 20
Electrical extension cords 607
Impedance plethysmography 608
A heating element on an electric stove 609
Personal electronic assistants 616
A joystick 617
Main and remote stereo speakers 619
A three-way light bulb 620
Automobile batteries 622
An automobile electrical system 625
An ammeter 627
A voltmeter 628
Heart pacemakers 631
Windshield wipers 631
Safe electrical grounding 631
The physiological effects of current 632

CHAPTER 21
Navigation in animals 649
A velocity selector 653
A mass spectrometer 656
A loudspeaker 657
Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion 659
A direct-current electric motor 661
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 668
Television screens and computer display monitors 669
Detecting fingerprints 672
Magnetic tape recording 673
A magnetically levitated train 673

CHAPTER 22
An automobile cruise control device 687
A ground fault interrupter 697
An induction stove 697
The electric guitar pickup 700
The playback head of a tape deck 701
A moving coil and a moving magnet microphone 701
An electric generator 702
A bike generator 703
Operating a motor 706
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 707
Transformers 711

CHAPTER 23
Body-fat scales 735
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 735
A heterodyne metal detector 738
A semiconductor diode 741
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 742
A fetal oxygen monitor 742
Rectifier circuits 743
Solar cells 743
Transistors 743

CHAPTER 24
Radio and television reception 755
Cochlear implants 756
Wireless capsule endoscopy 757
A pyroelectric ear thermometer 758
AM and FM radio reception 759
A microwave oven 761
The greenhouse effect 762
Radar speed traps 766
Astronomy and the Doppler effect 768
IMAX 3-D films 770
A liquid crystal display 771
Polaroid sunglasses 772
Butterflies and polarized light 773

CHAPTER 25
Digital movie projectors and micromirrors 785
Capturing solar energy with mirrors; automobile headlights 789
Makeup and shaving mirrors 792
A head-up display for automobiles 792
Passenger-side automobile mirrors 794
Keratometers 797

CHAPTER 26
Rearview mirrors 809
Why a diamond sparkles 815
Fiber optics 816
Endoscopy 818
Arthroscopic surgery 819
Rainbows 821
A camera 824
A slide or film projector 824
The human eye 831
Nearsightedness 832
Farsightedness 833
A magnifying glass 835
The compound microscope 837
The telescope 837

CHAPTER 27
Nonreflecting lens coatings 862
The Michelson interferometer 864
Producing computer chips using photolithography 869
Comparing human eyes and eagle eyes 873
The diffraction grating 874
A grating spectroscope 875
Retrieving information from compact discs and digital video discs 876
The three-beam tracking method for compact discs 877
X-ray diffraction 877

CHAPTER 28
The Global Positioning System and special relativity 894
Space travel and special relativity 895

CHAPTER 29
Charge-coupled devices and digital cameras 922
A safety feature of garage door openers 923
Photoevaporation and star formation 923
Solar sails and spaceship propulsion 925

CHAPTER 30
Neon signs and mercury vapor street lamps 941
Absorption lines in the sun’s spectrum 947
X-rays 955
CAT scanning 958
The laser 959
A laser altimeter 961
PRK eye surgery 961
LASIK eye surgery 962
Removing port-wine stains 962
Photodynamic therapy for cancer 963
Holography 963

CHAPTER 31
Radioactivity and smoke detectors 983
Gamma Knife radiosurgery 986
An exercise thallium heart scan 986
Brachytherapy implants 987
Radioactive radon gas in houses 988
Radioactive dating 990
Radiation detectors 995

CHAPTER 32
The biological effects of ionizing radiation 1004
Nuclear reactors 1012
Nuclear fusion using magnetic confinement 1015
Nuclear fusion using inertial confinement 1015
PET scanning 1017
An expanding universe 1021
“Dark energy” 1022

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.