| CCNA Exam objectives OSI Reference Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI reference model. Describe connection-oriented network service and connectionless network service, and identify the key differences between them. Describe data link addresses and network addresses, and identify the key differences between them. Identify at least 3 reasons why the industry uses a layered model. Define and explain the 5 conversion steps of data encapsulation. Define flow control and describe the three basic methods used in networking. List the key internetworking functions of the OSI Network layer and how they are performed in a router. WAN Protocols Differentiate between the following WAN services: Frame Relay, ISDN/LAPD, HDLC, & PPP. Recognize key Frame Relay terms and features. List commands to configure Frame Relay LMIs, maps, and subinterfaces. List commands to monitor Frame Relay operation in the router. Identify PPP operations to encapsulate WAN data on Cisco routers. State a relevant use and context for ISDN networking. Identify ISDN protocols, function groups, reference points, and channels. Describe Cisco's implementation of ISDN BRI. IOS Log into a router in both user and privileged modes. Use the context-sensitive help facility. Use the command history and editing features. Examine router elements (RAM, ROM, CDP, show). Manage configuration files from the privileged exec mode. Control router passwords, identification, and banner. Identify the main Cisco IOS commands for router startup. Enter an initial configuration using the setup command. Copy and manipulate configuration files. List the commands to load Cisco IOS software from: flash memory, a TFTP server, or ROM. Prepare to backup, upgrade, and load a backup Cisco IOS software image. Prepare the initial configuration of your router and enable IP. Network Protocols Monitor Novell IPX operation on the router. Describe the two parts of network addressing, then identify the parts in specific protocol address examples. Create the different classes of IP addresses [and subnetting]. Configure IP addresses. Verify IP addresses. List the required IPX address and encapsulation type. Enable the Novell IPX protocol and configure interfaces. Identify the functions of the TCP/IP transport-layer protocols. Identify the functions of the TCP/IP network-layer protocols. Identify the functions performed by ICMP. Configure IPX access lists and SAP filters to control basic Novell traffic. Routing Add the RIP routing protocol to your configuration. Add the IGRP routing protocol to your configuration. Explain the services of separate and integrated multiprotocol routing. List problems that each routing type encounters when dealing with topology changes and describe techniques to reduce the number of these problems. Describe the benefits of network segmentation with routers. Network Security Configure standard and extended access lists to filter IP traffic. Monitor and verify selected access list operations on the router. LAN Switching Describe the advantages of LAN segmentation. Describe LAN segmentation using bridges. Describe LAN segmentation using routers. Describe LAN segmentation using switches. Name and describe two switching methods. Describe full- and half-duplex Ethernet operation. Describe network congestion problems in Ethernet networks. Describe the benefits of network segmentation with bridges. Describe the benefits of network segmentation with switches. Describe the features and benefits of Fast Ethernet. Describe the guidelines and distance limitations of Fast Ethernet. Distinguish between cut-through and store-and-forward LAN switching. Describe the operation of the Spanning Tree Protocol and its benefits. Describe the benefits of virtual LANs. Define and describe the function of a MAC address.