|  | 7.2 | Novell Encapsulation
| 7.2.1 | Netware Ethernet encapsulation terms
NetWare supports multiple encapsulations (that is, frame types) for the Ethernet family of protocols, all of which are supported by Cisco routers. Xerox, Intel, and Digital (known collectively as DIX) first released a standard for Ethernet in 1980, called Ethernet Version I. Two years later, DIX replaced this standard with Ethernet Version II, which is the standard encapsulation type for TCP/IP. Then, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) began work on an improved Ethernet frame in 1982. Novell could not wait for the committee to officially release the new frame specification, so in 1983, it released its frame specifications based on the incomplete work of the 802.3 committee. Novell called this frame type 802.3 (Ethernet 802.3); this specification is sometimes called Ethernet raw because the IEEE hadn't finished "cooking" it. Two years later, the IEEE finally released the final 802.3 specification, which included the logical link control (LLC) header. The LLC contains fields that identify service access points, and these fields make the IEEE's specification (now called 802.2) incompatible with Novell's 802.3. Because the IEEE 802.2 frame includes service access points, the Cisco IOS software refers to 802.2 as Ethernet SAP (Novell calls it Ethernet_802.2). Compatibility issues between 802.2 and 802.3 prompted the development of a fourth major frame type: Ethernet SNAP. The most important thing to remember about these four frame types is that they are not compatible with each other. If a Novell server uses 802.3 framing, and a Cisco router is configured to encapsulate using 802.2, then these two nodes cannot talk to each other. The Cisco IOS software and Novell terms for these encapsulations are Ethernet 802.3 is also called raw Ethernet and is the default for NetWare versions 2 through 3.11. Ethernet 802.2 or SAP (also called Novell Ethernet_802.2 or 802.3) is the standard IEEE frame format, including an 802.2 LLC header. With the release of NetWare 3.12 and 4.x, this encapsulation became Novell's new standard frame format and is also used for OSI routing. Ethernet II or ARPA (also called Novell Ethernet_II or Ethernet Version II) uses the standard Ethernet Version II header and is used with TCP/IP. Ethernet SNAP or snap (also called Novell Ethernet_SNAP or snap) extends the IEEE 802.2 header by adding a Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) header, which provides an "encapsulation type" code similar to that defined in the Ethernet Version II specification and used with TCP/IP and AppleTalk.