To get help specific to a command mode, a command, a keyword, or arguments, perform one of the following tasks:

  Task			Command

 Obtain a brief 		help
 description of 
 the help system 
 in any command mode

 Obtain a list of 		abbreviated_command
 commands that begin 	_entry? (no space 
 with a particular 		before the ?)
 character string

 Complete a partial 		abbreviated_command
 command name 		_entry<Tab>

 List all commands 		?
 available for a 
 particular command 
 mode

 List a command's 		command ? (include
 associated keywords		a space)

 List a keyword's 		command keyword ?
 associated command 	(include a space)
 keyword arguments			
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The Cisco user interface provides a history of commands that you have entered. This feature is particularly useful for recalling long or complex commands or entries.

You can use the command history feature to recall commands.

Command history is set by default and the system records ten command lines in its history buffer. You can disable the command history feature for the current session using the Terminal No History command.

You recall the most recent command by pressing ŁUCtrl+PŁu (or the ŁUup arrowŁu key).

You can repeat this step to display successively older commands.

Alternatively, you can display the last several commands entered using the Show History command.

You can return to more recent commands, after recalling several using ŁUCtrl+PŁu, by pressing ŁUCtrl+NŁu (or the ŁUdown arrowŁu key).

If you can't remember a complete command name, you can use the ŁUTabŁu key to complete a partial entry.

Similarly, you can abbreviate commands and keywords to the number of characters that allow a unique abbreviation.

For example, you can abbreviate the Show command to ŁRshŁr.
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You perform the following tasks to move the cursor around on the command line:

  • press ŁUCtrl+BŁu (or the left arrow key) repeatedly to scroll 
    back to the start of the line one character at a time

  • press ŁUEsc+BŁu to move back a word at a time

  • press ŁUCtrl+AŁu to return directly to the start of the line

  • press ŁUCtrl+FŁu (or the right arrow key) repeatedly to 
    move to end of the command line

  • press ŁUEsc+FŁu to move forward one word

  • press ŁUCtrl+EŁu to jump to the end of the line

You do the following to delete command entries:

  • press ŁUDeleteŁu or ŁUBackspaceŁu to erase the character to 
    the left of the cursor

  • press ŁUCtrl+DŁu to delete the character at the cursor

  • press ŁUCtrl+KŁu to delete all characters from the cursor 
    to the end of the command line

  • press ŁUCtrl+UŁu or ŁUCtrl+XŁu to delete all characters from 
    the cursor to the beginning of the command line

  • press ŁUCtrl+WŁu to delete the word to the left of the cursor

  • press ŁUEsc+DŁu to delete from the cursor to the end of 
    the word
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You can check whether another copy of the operating system is being kept in flash.

Two different versions of the IOS may be kept in flash memory.

This is generally done if you are upgrading from one version of the IOS to another and you want to return to the older one.

You can also keep two copies of the same IOS version in case one becomes corrupt.
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Recall that a routing protocol is a language used to communicate between routers.

The router uses RIP to get information about the location of objects on the network.

It uses this information to create structured called routing tables.

To examine the routing table that IP is using you type ŁBshow ip routeŁb.
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