    001/*
    002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    003 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    007 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    008 *
    009 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    010 *
    011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    015 * limitations under the License.
    016 */
    017package org.apache.commons.lang3.reflect;
    018
    019import java.lang.reflect.Type;
    020import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
    021
    022import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
    023
    024/**
    025 * Type literal comparable to {@code javax.enterprise.util.TypeLiteral},
    026 * made generally available outside the JEE context. Allows the passing around of
    027 * a "token" that represents a type in a typesafe manner, as opposed to
    028 * passing the (non-parameterized) {@link Type} object itself. Consider:
    029 * <p>
    030 * You might see such a typesafe API as:
    031 * <pre>
    032 * class Typesafe {
    033 *   &lt;T&gt; T obtain(Class&lt;T&gt; type, ...);
    034 * }
    035 * </pre>
    036 * Consumed in the manner of:
    037 * <pre>
    038 * Foo foo = typesafe.obtain(Foo.class, ...);
    039 * </pre>
    040 * Yet, you run into problems when you want to do this with a parameterized type:
    041 * <pre>
    042 * List&lt;String&gt; listOfString = typesafe.obtain(List.class, ...); // could only give us a raw List
    043 * </pre>
    044 * {@code java.lang.reflect.Type} might provide some value:
    045 * <pre>
    046 * Type listOfStringType = ...; // firstly, how to obtain this? Doable, but not straightforward.
    047 * List&lt;String&gt; listOfString = (List&lt;String&gt;) typesafe.obtain(listOfStringType, ...); // nongeneric Type would necessitate a cast
    048 * </pre>
    049 * The "type literal" concept was introduced to provide an alternative, i.e.:
    050 * <pre>
    051 * class Typesafe {
    052 *   &lt;T&gt; T obtain(TypeLiteral&lt;T&gt; type, ...);
    053 * }
    054 * </pre>
    055 * Consuming code looks like:
    056 * <pre>
    057 * List&lt;String&gt; listOfString = typesafe.obtain(new TypeLiteral&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {}, ...);
    058 * </pre>
    059 * <p>
    060 * This has the effect of "jumping up" a level to tie a {@code java.lang.reflect.Type}
    061 * to a type variable while simultaneously making it short work to obtain a
    062 * {@link Type} instance for any given type, inline.
    063 * </p>
    064 * <p>Additionally {@link TypeLiteral} implements the {@link Typed} interface which
    065 * is a generalization of this concept, and which may be implemented in custom classes.
    066 * It is suggested that APIs be defined in terms of the interface, in the following manner:
    067 * </p>
    068 * <pre>
    069 *   &lt;T&gt; T obtain(Typed&lt;T&gt; typed, ...);
    070 * </pre>
    071 *
    072 * @param <T> the type
    073 * @since 3.2
    074 */
    075public abstract class TypeLiteral<T> implements Typed<T> {
    076
    077    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    078    private static final TypeVariable<Class<TypeLiteral>> T = TypeLiteral.class.getTypeParameters()[0];
    079
    080    /**
    081     * Represented type.
    082     */
    083    public final Type value;
    084
    085    private final String toString;
    086
    087    /**
    088     * The default constructor.
    089     */
    090    protected TypeLiteral() {
    091        this.value =
    092            Validate.notNull(TypeUtils.getTypeArguments(getClass(), TypeLiteral.class).get(T),
    093                "%s does not assign type parameter %s", getClass(), TypeUtils.toLongString(T));
    094
    095        this.toString = String.format("%s<%s>", TypeLiteral.class.getSimpleName(), TypeUtils.toString(value));
    096    }
    097
    098    @Override
    099    public final boolean equals(final Object obj) {
    100        if (obj == this) {
    101            return true;
    102        }
    103        if (!(obj instanceof TypeLiteral)) {
    104            return false;
    105        }
    106        final TypeLiteral<?> other = (TypeLiteral<?>) obj;
    107        return TypeUtils.equals(value, other.value);
    108    }
    109
    110    @Override
    111    public Type getType() {
    112        return value;
    113    }
    114
    115    @Override
    116    public int hashCode() {
    117        return 37 << 4 | value.hashCode();
    118    }
    119
    120    @Override
    121    public String toString() {
    122        return toString;
    123    }
    124}