# Apache Cordova Documentation

# Android Platform Guide

This guide shows how to set up your SDK development environment to deploy Cordova apps for Android devices. It walks you through the process of installing the Android SDK, opening an Android project in Eclipse SDK, and deploying to an emulator or device. You will need to follow this guide to at least Install the Android SDK, regardless of which workflow you are following. (Both the Web Project Dev and Native Platform Dev workflows require the Android SDK to be installed and accessable via your PATH.)

See the following for more detailed platform-specific information:

- Android Configuration
- Android WebViews
- Android Plugins
- Upgrading Android
- Android Command-line Tools

The command-line tools above refer to versions prior to Cordova 3.0. See The Command-Line Interface for information about the current interface.

## Requirements and Support

See the System Requirements for the Android SDK.

Cordova supports Android 2.2, 2.3, and 4.x. As a general rule, platforms are deprecated as they dip below 5% on Google's distribution dashboard.

Developers should use the `cordova` utility in conjunction with the Android SDK. See The Command-Line Interface for information how to install it, add projects, then build and deploy a project.

Install the Android SDK from developer.android.com/sdk. The android sdk is distributed as an 'adt-bundle---' file. On windows, the adt-bundle is packaged with an installer. On OSX and Linux, simply unpack the 'adt-bundle' in the location you store development tools. More detailed information on Android SDK setup can be found here

For Cordova command-line tools to work, you need to include the SDK's `tools` and `platform-tools` directories in your PATH environment. On Mac, you can use a text editor to create or modify the `~/.bash_profile` file, adding a line such as the following, depending on where the SDK installs:

    export PATH=${PATH}:/Development/adt-bundle/sdk/platform-tools:/Development/adt-bundle/sdk/tools

This exposes SDK tools in newly opened terminal windows. Otherwise run this to make them available in the current session:

    $ source ~/.bash_profile

To modify the PATH environment on Windows 7:

- Click on the Start menu in the lower-left corner of the desktop, right-click on Computer, then click Properties.

- Click Advanced System Settings in the column on the left.

- In the resulting dialog box, press Environment Variables.

- Select the PATH variable and press Edit.

- Append the following to the PATH based on where you installed the SDK, for example:

      ;C:\Development\adt-bundle\sdk\platform-tools;C:\Development\adt-bundle\sdk\tools

- Save the value and close both dialog boxes.

You may also need to enable Java and Ant. Open a command prompt and type `java`, and also type `ant`. Append to the PATH whichever fail to run:

        ;%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%ANT_HOME%\bin

## Open a Project in the SDK

Use the `cordova` utility to set up a new project, as described in The Cordova The Command-Line Interface. For example, in a source-code directory:

        $ cordova create hello com.example.hello "HelloWorld"
        $ cd hello
        $ cordova platform add android
        $ cordova build

Once created, here's how to use the SDK to modify it:

- Launch the Eclipse application.

- Select the New Project menu item.

- Choose Android Project from Existing Code from the resulting dialog box, and press Next:

- Navigate to `hello`, or whichever directory you created for the project, then to the `platforms/android` subdirectory.

- Press Finish.

Once the Eclipse window opens, a red X may appear to indicate unresolved problems. If so, follow these additional steps:

- Right-click on the project directory.

- In the resulting Properties dialog, select Android from the navigation pane.

- For the project build target, select the highest Android API level you have installed.

- Click OK.

- Select Clean from the Project menu. This should correct all the errors in the project.

## Deploy to Emulator

You can use the `cordova` utility to run an app in an emulator, or you can run it within the SDK. Either way, the SDK must first be configured to display at least one device. To do so, use the Android SDK Manager, a Java application that runs separately from Eclipse. There are two ways to open it:

- Run `android` on the command line.

- From within Eclipse, press this toolbar icon:

Once open, the Android SDK Manager displays various runtime libraries:

Choose Tools → Manage AVDs (Android Virtual Devices), then choose any item from Device Definitions in the resulting dialog box:

Press Create AVD, optionally modifying the name, then press OK to accept the changes:

The AVD then appears in the Android Virtual Devices list:

To open the emulator as a separate application, select the AVD and press Start. It launches much as it would on the device, with additional controls available for hardware buttons:

At this point you can use the `cordova` utility to deploy the application to the emulator from the command line:

        $ cordova emulate android

If instead you work within Eclipse, right-click the project and choose Run As → Android Application. You may be asked to specify an AVD if none are already open.

For a faster experience, use an Intel-based emulator image:

- Install one or more `Intel x86 Atom` System Images as well as the `Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager`, available under Extras.

- Run the Intel installer, which is available within your Android SDK at `extras/intel/Hardware_Accelerated_Execution_Manager`.

- Create a new AVD with the target set to an Intel image.

- When starting the emulator, ensure there are no error messages indicating a failure to load HAX modules.

## Deploy to Device

To push an app directly to the device, make sure USB debugging is enabled on your device as described on the Android Developer Site, and use a mini USB cable to plug it into your system.

You can push the app to the device from the command line:

        $ cordova run android

Alternately within Eclipse, right-click the project and choose Run As → Android Application.